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Justification
Justification is the mighty act of God by which he declares sinful people not guilty but righteous instead by imputing the perfect righteousness of Christ to them.[1]
Justification is a legal declaration by God where He declares us just in His sight
Romans 8:30 – For those He called he also justified.
Romans 3:28; Romans 5:1; Galatians 2:16 – We are not justified by works of the law, but rather through faith in Jesus Christ.
He declares that we have no penalty to pay for sin, including past, present, and future sins.
Romans 8:1 – There is not condemnation
Romans 8:33-34 – Who can bring a charge
Justification also involves God imputing Christ’s righteousness
When Adam sinned, his guilt was imputed to us. In other words, God the Father viewed it as belonging to us, and therefore it did. In the same way Christ’s righteousness is imputed to us, and therefore God thinks of it as belonging to us. It is not our own righteousness that we have earned in some way, but Christ’s righteousness that is freely given to us. (Grudem)
1 Corinthians 1:30 – God made Christ to be our righteousness.
Philippians 3:9 – Righteousness is not our own)
Romans 3:21-22 – All who believe are made righteous.
This idea that God declares us to be just or righteous not on the basis of our actual condition, but rather on the basis of Christ’s perfect righteousness was the heart of the difference between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism at the Reformation.
God justifies us through our faith in Christ
Romans 3:25-26; Romans 5:17-19; Galatians 2:16 – justification comes after saving faith (faith in the works of Christ)
In justification God declares one righteous in His eyes because his sins have been forgiven, and the perfect righteousness of Jesus Christ is reckoned to him. Justification is by faith and not by works or ceremonies. Nevertheless, if faith is genuine it always leads to works (James 2:18). These are not the “dead works” (Hebrews 6:1) of self-righteousness, but the living works of the Spirit (in Galatians 5 the former are called the “works of the flesh”: while the latter are called the “fruit” of the Spirit).[2]
[1] Gregg R. Allison, 50 Core Truths of the Christian Faith: A Guide to Understanding and Teaching Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books: A Division of Baker Publishing Group, 2018), 242.
[2] Jay E. Adams, “Justification,” The Practical Encyclopedia of Christian Counseling (Cordova, TN: Institute for Nouthetic Studies, 2020), 116–117.
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